India’s ESG framework is governed by a dispersed set of environmental, social and governance laws rather than a single statute. Environmental regulation is led by the Environment Protection Act, supported by pollution control laws, biodiversity statutes and mandatory environmental impact assessments. Market mechanisms like carbon and green credit schemes are emerging. Social aspects focus on labour welfare and CSR obligations, while governance is driven by the Companies Act and SEBI’s BRSR disclosures, alongside anti-corruption and transparency laws, strengthening accountability and sustainability practices.
The article was authored by Amit Kapur, Partner; Vishnu Sudarsan, Partner; Sugandha Somani Gopal, Partner; and Mehar Vasant, Senior Associate, and was published in Lexology.
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Sugandha Somani Gopal is a Partner at JSA Advocates & Solicitors with over 15 years of experience in renewable energy, infrastructure, climate change and ESG matters. She advises clients on regulatory frameworks, transactions, project development, carbon markets, public-private partnerships and sustainable infrastructure projects across India.